Experimental analysis on the risk of vortex ventilation and the free surface ventilation of marine propellers     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

The paper presents a discussion of the ventilation inception and air drawing prediction of ships propellers, aiming to predict under what conditions ventilation will happen, and the actual physical mechanism of the ventilation.Three different types of ventilation inception mechanisms are included in our discussion: free surface vortex ventilation, ventilation by sucking down the free surface without forming a vortex as well as ventilation by propeller coming out of the water. Ventilation prediction is based on a series of model tests, where the propeller is tested in different levels of intermittent ventilation. The use of underwater video gives a visual understanding of the ventilation phenomena.Ventilation by vortex formation has analogies with other phenomena, such as the inlet vortex in pump sumps, ground vortex at the inlet of the aircraft engines and the Propeller Hull Vortex Cavitation (PHVC). The paper includes comparison between Propeller Hull Vortex Cavitation (PHVC) and Propeller Free Surface Vortex Ventilation (PFSVV) as well as comparison between PFSVV and vortex formations of aero engines during high power operation near a solid surface.Experimental data based on several different model tests shows the boundary between the vortex forming, non-vortex forming and free surface ventilation flow regimes. For comparison the following parameters, which determined the intensity of the hydrodynamic interaction between the propeller and free surface have been used: propeller load coefficient c_T, tip clearance ratio c/D, propeller submergence ratio h/R, ambient velocity V_i and flow cavitation/ventilation number σ_cav/σ_vent.  相似文献   

冬季大风影响下的渤黄海水交换特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋军  郭俊如  李静  牟林  刘玉龙  王国松  李琰  李欢 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(1):17-25

利用ROMS海洋数值模式对2006年冬季渤黄海的海洋动力环境进行模拟,基于温度、盐度模拟结果,使用谱混合模型进行水团分析,定义了渤海海峡地区的水交换区。并进一步讨论了冬季大风事件对水交换区的影响,给出了冬季大风影响下的渤黄海水交换特征。研究得出,冬季的黄海水团以“舌”形分布于渤海海峡地区,水交换区则表现为沿“舌”形边缘呈带状分布,具有西北——东南的走向趋势,并且在“舌”尖处的水交换面积最大。通过缩小研究范围,发现位于黄海最北部的沿岸海域并不参与渤黄海之间的水体交换。最后研究发现,冬季大风事件对渤海水交换具有促进作用,具体表现为：大风过程使黄海暖流对渤海的入侵更加深入,水交换区向渤海方向伸展,南部的水交换带变宽,河流径流进入渤海后与渤海水的混合区加大,并发生北移。  相似文献   

Numerical investigation on the impact resistance of road barriers of Micropile-MSE Wall for subgrade     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

The Micropile-MSE Wall, specially designed for mountain roadways, is used to simultaneously increase the MSE wall’s local stability, global stability and impact resistance of road barriers. Model tests were conducted first to validate the viability of the Micropile-MSE Wall. The impact resistance of the road barrier is then studied numerically. The test results indicate that the surcharge-induced earth pressure, base pressure and lateral displacement of Micropile-MSE Wall panels are effectively reduced. The impact loading on the barriers of the Micropile-MSE Wall is actually supported by the whole retaining structure, which increases the impact resistance of the road barrier significantly.  相似文献   

证据权模型与含矿网格单元蒙特卡洛法相结合的资源潜力评价新方法          下载免费PDF全文

浦路平朱国器  林锦富陈三明 《地质科学》2017,(4):1327-1339

本文提出了计算含矿单元数概率分布函数的新方法,在此基础上,把证据权模型矿产资源评价方法得到的含矿网格单元作为蒙特卡洛模型中的统计对象,得到了与证据权模型找矿法结合的含矿网格单元蒙特卡洛法矿产资源潜力评价方法。该方法可以把评价工作区的矿产空间分布信息、成矿模式和找矿模型、成矿-找矿空间信息引入蒙特卡洛方法中,无需估计矿床个数分布,减少了工作步骤和评价误差,可提高工作效率和自动化。对实际案例的应用表明该方法是可行的。  相似文献   

Comparing models of debris-flow susceptibility in the alpine environment   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

Alberto Carrara  Giovanni Crosta  Paolo Frattini   《Geomorphology》2008,94(3-4):353

Debris-flows are widespread in Val di Fassa (Trento Province, Eastern Italian Alps) where they constitute one of the most dangerous gravity-induced surface processes. From a large set of environmental characteristics and a detailed inventory of debris flows, we developed five models to predict location of debris-flow source areas. The models differ in approach (statistical vs. physically-based) and type of terrain unit of reference (slope unit vs. grid cell). In the statistical models, a mix of several environmental factors classified areas with different debris-flow susceptibility; however, the factors that exert a strong discriminant power reduce to conditions of high slope-gradient, pasture or no vegetation cover, availability of detrital material, and active erosional processes. Since slope and land use are also used in the physically-based approach, all model results are largely controlled by the same leading variables.Overlaying susceptibility maps produced by the different methods (statistical vs. physically-based) for the same terrain unit of reference (grid cell) reveals a large difference, nearly 25% spatial mismatch. The spatial discrepancy exceeds 30% for susceptibility maps generated by the same method (discriminant analysis) but different terrain units (slope unit vs. grid cell). The size of the terrain unit also led to different susceptibility maps (almost 20% spatial mismatch). Maps based on different statistical tools (discriminant analysis vs. logistic regression) differed least (less than 10%). Hence, method and terrain unit proved to be equally important in mapping susceptibility.Model performance was evaluated from the percentages of terrain units that each model correctly classifies, the number of debris-flow falling within the area classified as unstable by each model, and through the metric of ROC curves. Although all techniques implemented yielded results essentially comparable; the discriminant model based on the partition of the study area into small slope units may constitute the most suitable approach to regional debris-flow assessment in the Alpine environment.  相似文献   

DEM流径算法的相似性分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘学军  晋蓓  王彦芳 《地理研究》2008,27(6):1347-1357

流径算法是分布式水文模型、土壤侵蚀模拟等研究中的关键技术环节,决定着汇水面积、地形指数等许多重要的地形、水文参数的计算。本文以黄土高原两个典型样区的不同分辨率DEM为研究对象,对常用的五种流径算法(D8、Rho8、Dinf、MFD和DEMON)通过相对差系数、累积频率图、XY散点分布图等进行了定量的对比分析。结果表明:算法的差异主要集中在坡面区域,汇流区域各类算法的差别较小;算法差异在不同DEM尺度下都有所体现,但高分辨率下的差异会更明显;在地形复杂区域,多流向算法要优于单流向算法。研究也进一步指出汇水面积、地形指数等水文参数对流径算法具有强烈的依赖性。  相似文献   

基于重力模型的中国城市体系空间联系与层域划分   总被引：47，自引：5，他引：42  

顾朝林  庞海峰 《地理研究》2008,27(1):1-12

新中国成立以来,中国大陆城市体系空间格局发生了深刻的变化。传统的城市体系空间联系主要从人流、物流、技术流、信息流、金融流进行数据的收集和分析,也有运用图论原理进行Rd链分析。近来,随着社会主义市场经济的迅速发展,城市之间的联系变得异常复杂、数据不易得到。本文试图运用重力模型方法对中国城市间的空间联系强度进行定量计算,据此刻画中国城市体系的空间联系状态和结节区结构。从研究结果看,所得结论与实际情况基本吻合。  相似文献   

基于GWR的南京市住宅地价空间分异及演变   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

曹天邦  黄克龙  李剑波  董平  王亚华 《地理研究》2013,32(12):2324-2333

以南京市主城区为例,在空间自相关分析和蒙特卡罗检验的基础上,构建城市住宅地价地理加权回归模型,通过2003 年、2009 年住宅地价空间分异的对比,探讨不同影响因素对住宅地价影响的空间差异性及其随时间变化的特点,揭示住宅地价及其影响因素的空间变化关系,以促进地价的科学化管理。研究表明：① 随着影响因素数量不断增加以及合理均衡分布,区域差异性缩小,一般会减弱其对地价的影响。② 随着交通条件的不断完善,导致影响因素如CBD、主干道、公交等对地价的影响程度和范围发生变化。③ 随着时间推移,城市居民逐渐注重生活质量、居住品位的提高,公园绿地对地价的影响程度超过其他公用设施。  相似文献   

Remote forcing of Indian Ocean warming on Northwest Pacific during E1 Nino decaying years： a FOAM model approach     

胡海波  洪晓媛  张媛  杨修群  刘伟  卢华国  杨建玲 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,(6):1363-1371

This paper attempts to analyze in detail the remote influence of the Indian Ocean Basin warming on the Northwest Pacific （NWP） during the year of decaying E1 Nifio. Observation data and the Fast Ocean- Atmosphere coupled Model 1.5 were used to investigate the triggering conditions under which the remote influence is formed between the positive sea surface temperature （SST） anomaly in the North Indian Ocean and the Anomalous Northwest Pacific anticyclone （ANWPA）. Our research show that it is only when there is a contributory background wind field over the Indian Ocean, i,e., when the Indian Summer Monsoon （ISM） reaches its peak, that the warmer SST anomaly in the North Indian Ocean incites significant easterly wind anomalies in the lower atmosphere of the Indo-West tropical Pacific. This then produces the remote influence on the ANWPA. Therefore, the SST anomaly in the North Indian Ocean might interfere with the prediction of the East Asia Summer Monsoon in the year of decaying E1 Nifio. Both the sustaining effect of local negative SST anomalies in the NWP, and the remote effect of positive SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean on the ANWPA, should be considered in further research.  相似文献   

基于多模型的西宁市人口规模预测          下载免费PDF全文

张海峰  杨萍  李春花  周强  高丽文  陈琼 《干旱区地理》2013,36(5):955-962

人口是反映国情、国力基本情况的重要指标,是区域研究所必须考虑的重要因素之一。合理、准确地预测城市人口规模,是城市与区域规划中首先要考虑的基本问题,也是保证规划科学性与可实施性的关键性前提。以西宁市2000-2011年历年总人口为样本数据,分别构建了一元线性回归模型、马尔萨斯模型、logistic模型及GM（1,1）模型,并进行模型检验。结果表明：（1）模型均通过模型精度检验且精度较高,GM（1,1）模型拟合度最高,均误差达到0.004%,马尔萨斯模型拟合度最低,为-1.440 8%;（2）分析模型预测精度差异产生原因及适用性,表明深入、准确地分析样本数据特征,恰当选择分析方法对于控制人口预测精度尤为重要。由于西宁市2000-2011年人口样本数据在2005及2009年数据存在波动性,破坏了其与一元线性回归模型及马尔萨斯模型的拟合度,导致在4种模型中,Logistic及GM（1,1）模型预测精度较高,而GM（1,1）模预测精度最高,所以采用GM（1,1）模型进行西宁市人口预测,得到西宁市人口预测的最终结果：2012年西宁市总人口将达到225.89×10⁴人,2015年将达到233.39×10⁴人,2020年将达到246.37×10⁴人。从结果看,未来9 a西宁市人口将呈现持续平稳增长的态势,但随着时间推进人口增长速度将逐渐下降。  相似文献